1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; water / 100 °C 2: potassium carbonate; 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane; palladium diacetate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 120 °C 3: hydrogen; palladium 10 on activated carbon; zinc dibromide / ethyl acetate / 20 °C / 760.05 Torr 4: sodium hydroxide / methanol; water / 20 °C View Scheme

1: potassium carbonate; 1,4-diaza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane; palladium diacetate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 120 °C 2: hydrogen; palladium 10 on activated carbon; zinc dibromide / ethyl acetate / 20 °C / 760.05 Torr 3: sodium hydroxide / methanol; water / 20 °C View Scheme