1: 88.5 percent / 40percent aq. NaOH / methanol / 1 h / Heating 2: 67.1 percent / phosphorus oxychloride/DMF / 1 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 88.5 percent / 40percent aq. NaOH / methanol / 1 h / Heating 2: 96.3 percent / H2O; acetic acid / 48 h / Ambient temperature 3: 89.1 percent / dimethylformamide; H2O / 1 h / Heating 4: 77.7 percent / 40percent aq. NaOH / methanol / 2 h / Heating View Scheme

sodium hydroxide in methanol 1 h; Heating;

1: 88.5 percent / 40percent aq. NaOH / methanol / 1 h / Heating 2: 96.3 percent / H2O; acetic acid / 48 h / Ambient temperature 3: 89.1 percent / dimethylformamide; H2O / 1 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 88.5 percent / 40percent aq. NaOH / methanol / 1 h / Heating 2: 96.3 percent / H2O; acetic acid / 48 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 92.5 percent / titanium(III) chloride / methanol; H2O / 0.12 h / Ambient temperature2: 1.) NaNO2, HBr (4.7percent) 2.) CuBr, conc. HBr / 1.) water, 5 deg C, 15 min, 2.) water, room temp., 2 h; 94 deg C, 5 min