palladium diacetate; hydrogen; tri-cyclo-hexyl-phosphine in dichloromethane T=120°C; P=31028.9 Torr; 48 h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;

hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal in methanol 6 h; Ambient temperature;

1: With potassium phosphate; [RhCl(η2:η2-cycloocta-1,5-diene)]2 in methanol; 1,1-dimethylpropan-1-ol T=110°C; 16 h; Inert atmosphereSealed tube; 2: With bis(η3-allyl-μ-chloropalladium(II)); 2-(dicyclohexylphosphino)-2',4',6'-tri-i-propyl-1,1’-biphenyl in methanol; 1,1-dimethylpropan-1-ol T=110°C; 16 h; Inert atmosphereSealed tube;

1: With palladium diacetate in 1,4-dioxane T=60°C; Heck reduction-cyclisation reaction; 12 h; 2: With hydrogen; palladium diacetate; carbon in 1,4-dioxane T=50°C; Heck reduction-cyclisation reaction; 24 h;

2,2'-azo-bisisobutyronitrile; tri-n-butyl-tin hydride in dimethyl sulfoxide T=120°C;

sodium amalgam; ethanol T=50°C; anschliessend verdampft den Alkohol, bringt das teilweise ausfallende Natriumsalz durch Zusatz von Wasser in Loesung und saeuert mit Salzsaeure an;

bromine in chloroform 6 h; Heating;

phosphorus pentachloride in benzene 4 h; Heating;

1: 41 percent / PCl5 / benzene / 4 h / Heating 2: 95 percent / SOCl2 / CHCl3; dimethylformamide / 1 h / Heating; other reagent (PCl5/POCl3); other solvent (neat) View Scheme