N-benzyl-trimethylammonium hydroxide in methanol; dimethyl sulfoxide T=90°C; 2 h;

anhydrous sodium hydrogen carbonate; sodium borohydride in tetrahydrofuran; hexane; dichloromethane; water

paraformaldehyde in methanol; dimethyl sulfoxide

1: 98 percent / Na2S*9H2O, sulfur / ethanol; H2O / 4 h / Heating 2: 78 percent / 4M HCl, SOCl2 / CHCl3; diethyl ether / 2 h / 50 °C View Scheme

hydrogenchloride in ethanol; water; ethyl acetate

sodium sulfide; sulfur in ethanol; water 4 h; Heating;

1.1: methanesulfonyl chloride; Et3N / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 0 - 20 °C 1.2: 82 percent / DBU / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / Heating 2.1: AcOH; iron / ethanol / 2.5 h / Heating 2.2: 70 percent / pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 72 h / 20 °C 3.1: 98 percent / K2CO3 / acetonitrile / 1 h / Heating 4.1: vinyloxytrimethylsilane / (1,3-dimesitylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)RuCl2(PCy3)(=CHPh) / CH2Cl2 / 4 h / Heating 4.2: 33 percent / (1,3-dimesitylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)RuCl2(PCy3)(=CHPh) / toluene / 24 h / Heating View Scheme

1: H2 / 5percent Pd-C / ethyl acetate 2: 80 percent / RuCl2(PPh3)3 / toluene / Heating View Scheme

1: H2 / 5percent Pd-C / ethyl acetate 2: 80 percent / RuCl2(PPh3)3 / toluene / Heating 3: 82 percent / AcOH 4: 87 percent / P(C4H9)3 / Heating 5: 1) 10percent NaOH, 2) HS(CH2)2SO3H / 1) reflux, 7 h, 2) 110 deg C, 16 h View Scheme