ammonia in methanol 336 h;

1: With hydrogenchloride in methanol; acetone T=20°C; 21 h; 2: With pyridine in acetone Further stages.;

hydrogenchloride 14 h; Heating;

hydrogenchloride in acetone T=25°C; 22 h;

Dowex WX8 strongly acidic resin T=25°C; 72 h;

hydrogenchloride T=25°C; 22 h; ConcentrationTime;

pyridine-2-carboxylic acid; sodium 4-picolinate T=39.85°C; Oxidation; pH=6.1; Activation energyKinetics; Further Variations:pH-valuesTemperatures;

1.1: hydrogenchloride / 22 h / 25 °C 2.1: 1H-imidazole; triphenylphosphine; iodine / toluene / 2 h / 70 °C 3.1: zinc; water; hydrogenchloride / ethanol / 19 h / 10 - 24 °C 4.1: sodium carbonate; magnesium sulfate / ethanol; water / 23 h / 25 °C 5.1: toluene / 5 h / |Reflux 6.1: zinc; acetic acid / diethyl ether / 72 h / 0 - 25 °C 6.2: pH 7.2 7.1: sodium hydride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; mineral oil / 0.5 h / 0 °C / |Inert atmosphere 7.2: 4 h / 0 - 20 °C / |Inert atmosphere 8.1: hydrogenchloride / water / 7 h / 20 °C 9.1: hydrogen; palladium 10 on activated carbon / methanol / 16 h / 7500.75 Torr 10.1: triethylamine / 48 h / 75 °C 11.1: water; acetic acid; sodium nitrite / 20 h / 25 °C 12.1: O-(6-chloro-1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.25 h / 25 °C / |Inert atmosphere 12.2: 16 h / 25 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1.1: 88 percent / H2SO4 / 3 h / 20 °C 2.1: 100 percent / triethylamine; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 20 °C 3.1: potassium tert-butoxide / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C 3.2: 86 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 7 h / 0 - 20 °C 4.1: 99 percent / oxalyl chloride; DMSO; triethylamine / CH2Cl2 / -78 - 20 °C 5.1: 96 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / -78 °C 6.1: 95 percent / Neolyst dichlorideTM / CH2Cl2 / 48 h / 20 °C 7.1: 90 percent / pyridinium dichromate; 4 Angstroem molecular sieves / dimethylformamide / 48 h / 20 °C View Scheme

sulfuric acid 3 h; Heating;