hydrogen; palladium on activated charcoal in methanol T=50°C; P=2068.59 Torr; 3 h;

1: With trichloroisocyanuric acid; sulfuric acid in water; acetonitrile T=20°C; 1 h; 2: With sodium hydroxide in water; acetonitrile T=20°C; 15 h;

sodium hydroxide; porcine pancreatic acylase I in water T=37°C; 4 h;

potassium hydroxide; Aspergillus acylase I pH 7.5-8.0; Yields of byproduct given;

1: 94 percent / H2; (R)-N-Me-N-(Ph2P)-1-[(S)-2-(Ph2P)ferrocenyl]ethylamine; bis(1,5-cyclooctadienyl)rhodium trifuoromethanesulfonate / methanol; ethyl acetate / 3 h / 2327.17 Torr 2: 99 percent / methanesulfonic acid / toluene / 2 h 3: 83 percent / H2 / Pd/C / methanol / 3 h / 50 °C / 2068.59 Torr View Scheme

1: 99 percent / methanesulfonic acid / toluene / 2 h 2: 83 percent / H2 / Pd/C / methanol / 3 h / 50 °C / 2068.59 Torr View Scheme

1: 85 percent / sodium methoxide / toluene / 1 h / 25 °C 2: 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine / toluene / 17 h / 20 °C 3: 52 percent / hydrzine hydrate / methanol; toluene; H2O / 4 h / 3 - 7 °C 4: 94 percent / H2; (R)-N-Me-N-(Ph2P)-1-[(S)-2-(Ph2P)ferrocenyl]ethylamine; bis(1,5-cyclooctadienyl)rhodium trifuoromethanesulfonate / methanol; ethyl acetate / 3 h / 2327.17 Torr 5: 99 percent / methanesulfonic acid / toluene / 2 h 6: 83 percent / H2 / Pd/C / methanol / 3 h / 50 °C / 2068.59 Torr View Scheme

potassium hydroxide; potassium phosphate buffer; porcine kidney acylase I T=40°C; relative initial rate of hydrolysis, also with Aspergillus acylase I as a catalyst; with or without CoCl2;

1: H2O / 8 h / Heating 2: 92 percent / 5M NaOH, pH=7.5, porcine pancreatic acylase I / H2O / 4 h / 37 °C View Scheme

1: 2M NaOH / 4 h / Heating 2: H2O / 8 h / Heating 3: 92 percent / 5M NaOH, pH=7.5, porcine pancreatic acylase I / H2O / 4 h / 37 °C View Scheme