1: concd. HCl / methanol / 1 h / Heating 2: toluene / 2 h / Heating 3: HIO4 / methanol / 1 h / 0 °C 4: NaBH4 / methanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature 5: CF3CO2H / CH2Cl2 / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature 6: H2/PdCl2 / methanol / 1 h 7: toluene / 2 h / Heating 8: DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / Ambient temperature 9: dimethylsulfoxide / 1 h / 90 °C 10: 2N NaOH / ethanol / 3 h / 90 °C View Scheme

1: tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / -60 °C 2: concd. HCl / methanol / 1 h / Heating 3: toluene / 2 h / Heating 4: HIO4 / methanol / 1 h / 0 °C 5: NaBH4 / methanol / 1 h / Ambient temperature 6: CF3CO2H / CH2Cl2 / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature 7: H2/PdCl2 / methanol / 1 h 8: toluene / 2 h / Heating 9: DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / Ambient temperature 10: dimethylsulfoxide / 1 h / 90 °C 11: 2N NaOH / ethanol / 3 h / 90 °C View Scheme

1.1: ammonium acetate / ethanol / 8 h / |Reflux 2.1: thionyl chloride / 2 h / |Reflux 2.2: |Reflux 3.1: trifluoroacetic acid / tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C / pH 8 - 9 3.2: 20 °C 4.1: Methylobacterium sp. Y1-6 / 8 h / 30 °C View Scheme

1.1: thionyl chloride / 2 h / |Reflux 1.2: |Reflux 2.1: trifluoroacetic acid / tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C / pH 8 - 9 2.2: 20 °C 3.1: Methylobacterium sp. Y1-6 / 8 h / 30 °C View Scheme

n-butyllithium; LiC10H7 1.) THF, hexane, -78 deg C, 3 h, 2.) THF, hexane, from -78 to 20 deg C, overnight; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

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lithium aluminium tetrahydride in tetrahydrofuran T=0°C; Inert atmosphere;

potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethyl-formamide

in diethyl ether Yield given;

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