1: 87 percent / CBr4, PPh3 / dimethylformamide / 0.5 h / 0 °C 2: 64 percent / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 5 h / Ambient temperature 3: cyclohexene / 10percent Pd/C / ethanol / Heating 4: aq. HCl / ethanol; cyclohexene; methanol / 0.5 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 64 percent / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 5 h / Ambient temperature 2: cyclohexene / 10percent Pd/C / ethanol / Heating 3: aq. HCl / ethanol; cyclohexene; methanol / 0.5 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: cyclohexene / 10percent Pd/C / ethanol / Heating 2: aq. HCl / ethanol; cyclohexene; methanol / 0.5 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1.1: 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 4 h / 150 °C 2.1: 12.6 g / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 2 h / 120 °C 3.1: HCOONH4 / Pd/C / methanol / 4 h / Heating 3.2: NH4OH / 1 h / Heating 4.1: 93 percent / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 1 h / 150 °C 5.1: 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 2 h / 120 °C 6.1: HCOONH4 / Pd/C / methanol / 4 h / Heating 7.1: aq. NaOH / 0.5 h / Heating 8.1: 83 percent / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 5 h / 150 °C 9.1: 99 percent / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 2.5 h / 20 °C 10.1: 60 percent / H2; Et3N / Pd/C / ethanol / 8 h / 80 - 85 °C / 2250.18 Torr 11.1: 99 percent / aq. MeNH2 / 0.25 h / 20 °C View Scheme

methanol; sodium tetrahydroborate in tert-butyl alcohol 2 h; Heating;

1: 93 percent / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 1 h / 150 °C 2: 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 2 h / 120 °C 3: HCOONH4 / Pd/C / methanol / 4 h / Heating 4: aq. NaOH / 0.5 h / Heating 5: 83 percent / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 5 h / 150 °C 6: 99 percent / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 2.5 h / 20 °C 7: 60 percent / H2; Et3N / Pd/C / ethanol / 8 h / 80 - 85 °C / 2250.18 Torr 8: 99 percent / aq. MeNH2 / 0.25 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 2 h / 120 °C 2: HCOONH4 / Pd/C / methanol / 4 h / Heating 3: aq. NaOH / 0.5 h / Heating 4: 83 percent / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 5 h / 150 °C 5: 99 percent / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 2.5 h / 20 °C 6: 60 percent / H2; Et3N / Pd/C / ethanol / 8 h / 80 - 85 °C / 2250.18 Torr 7: 99 percent / aq. MeNH2 / 0.25 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: 12.6 g / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 2 h / 120 °C 2.1: HCOONH4 / Pd/C / methanol / 4 h / Heating 2.2: NH4OH / 1 h / Heating 3.1: 93 percent / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 1 h / 150 °C 4.1: 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 2 h / 120 °C 5.1: HCOONH4 / Pd/C / methanol / 4 h / Heating 6.1: aq. NaOH / 0.5 h / Heating 7.1: 83 percent / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 5 h / 150 °C 8.1: 99 percent / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 2.5 h / 20 °C 9.1: 60 percent / H2; Et3N / Pd/C / ethanol / 8 h / 80 - 85 °C / 2250.18 Torr 10.1: 99 percent / aq. MeNH2 / 0.25 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1: 83 percent / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 5 h / 150 °C 2: 99 percent / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 2.5 h / 20 °C 3: 60 percent / H2; Et3N / Pd/C / ethanol / 8 h / 80 - 85 °C / 2250.18 Torr 4: 99 percent / aq. MeNH2 / 0.25 h / 20 °C View Scheme

1.1: dimethylsulfoxide / 24 h / 20 °C 1.2: 85 percent / aq. HCl / dimethylsulfoxide / 2 h / 70 °C 2.1: 93 percent / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 1 h / 150 °C 3.1: 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 2 h / 120 °C 4.1: HCOONH4 / Pd/C / methanol / 4 h / Heating 5.1: aq. NaOH / 0.5 h / Heating 6.1: 83 percent / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 5 h / 150 °C 7.1: 99 percent / Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 2.5 h / 20 °C 8.1: 60 percent / H2; Et3N / Pd/C / ethanol / 8 h / 80 - 85 °C / 2250.18 Torr 9.1: 99 percent / aq. MeNH2 / 0.25 h / 20 °C View Scheme