in acetic acid byproducts: ammonium acetate; aq. acetic acid; samarium acetate prepd. by dissolving Sm2O3 in diluted acetic acid; ppt. dried at 70°C over night and then annealed at 300°C for 10 h;

in ethanol byproducts: NaCl;

boiling;

in water Sonication; SmF3 prepd. by mixing aq. soln. of Sm(CH3COO)3 with aq. soln. of NH4F anultrasonic bath at room temp.; XRD;

ammonium hydroxide in water; acetic acid dropwise addn. of a hot 4percent ammonium oxalate to a stirred hot soln. of samarium acetate in glacial acetic acid, neutralization with NH4OH to pH=7, keeping the mixt. at room temp. for 1 h; filtration, washing the ppt. with ammonium oxalate soln, drying at 80°C to constant weight;