sodium hydroxide

1: sulfuric acid; nitric acid / <3 2: aq. NaOH solution View Scheme

T=130°C;

1: 65 percent / AcOH / 0.5 h / Heating 2: LiCl / dimethylformamide / 12 h / Heating 3: K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 5 h / Heating 4: KMnO4; MgSO4 / H2O / 1.5 h / Heating 5: 71 percent / aq. H2SO4 / 1 h / 110 - 112 °C 6: 80 percent / toluene / 16 h / Heating 7: 76 percent / Dowtherm / 1.25 h / 256 °C 8: 87 percent / POCl3 / 2.5 h / Heating 9: 95 percent / propan-2-ol / 3.5 h / Heating 10: 89 percent / Fe; aq. NH4Cl / methanol / 4 h / Heating View Scheme

1: diethyl ether; aqueous sodium carbonate 2: zinc; aq.-ethanolic hydrochloric acid View Scheme

acetic anhydride; magnesium sulfate in chloroform; acetic acid

acetic acid 0.5 h; Heating;

durch Acetylieren;

pyridine; pyridine hydrogenfluoride; sodium nitrite T=-70 - 60°C;

1: 76 percent / pyridine; HF-pyridine; sodium nitrite / -70 - 60 °C 2: 99 percent / H2 / Pd-C / ethanol / 760 Torr 3: 47 percent / aq. HBr; sodium nitrite; CuBr / 2.5 h / 110 °C View Scheme