1.1: potassium carbonate; dimethyloctadecylbenzylammonium chloride; nitromethane / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 48 h / 90 °C 2.1: acetic acid / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.5 h / 45 °C 2.2: 4 h 3.1: potassium carbonate / 0 - 20 °C 4.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0 °C 5.1: potassium formiate; formic acid / acetic anhydride / 100 °C 6.1: .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trichloroacetamide; dihydrogen peroxide; dipotassium hydrogenphosphate / dichloromethane / 10 - 20 °C View Scheme

1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0 °C 2: potassium formiate; formic acid / acetic anhydride / 100 °C 3: .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trichloroacetamide; dihydrogen peroxide; dipotassium hydrogenphosphate / dichloromethane / 10 - 20 °C View Scheme

1: potassium carbonate / 0 - 20 °C 2: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0 °C 3: potassium formiate; formic acid / acetic anhydride / 100 °C 4: .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trichloroacetamide; dihydrogen peroxide; dipotassium hydrogenphosphate / dichloromethane / 10 - 20 °C View Scheme

1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene 24 h; Heating / reflux;

23.5 h; Heating / reflux;