1: 1.) calcium carbonate, 2.) phosphoric acid, formic acid / 1.) benzene, reflux, 17 h, 2.) reflux, 20 h 2: 87 percent / HCl, 1-butanol / 19 h / 90 °C View Scheme

formic acid; phosphoric acid; calcium carbonate 1.) benzene, reflux, 17 h, 2.) reflux, 20 h; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given;

With  sodium periodate in  methanol 21 h;  Ambient temperature;