1: HCl / ethyl acetate 2: 53 percent / ethyl acetate; ethanol View Scheme

sodium hydroxide; trifluoroacetic acid Multistep reaction;

trifluoroacetic acid 3 h; Ambient temperature;

Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: 99.3 percent / NH4Cl / aq. NH3 / 50 h / 37 °C / enzymatic hydrolysis with Pseudomonas putida at pH 92: 1.) NaNO2, 2N H2SO4; 2.) KBr, NaNO2, 3N H2SO4 / 1.) 50percent CH3COOH, r.t., 24 h; 2.) 50percent CH3COOH, 0-5 deg C, 1 h3: 95 percent / SOCl2 / 24 h / Ambient temperature4: 74 percent / (NH4)2CO3 / nitromethane; H2O / 96 h / 50 °C  

Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: 95 percent / SOCl2 / 24 h / Ambient temperature2: 74 percent / (NH4)2CO3 / nitromethane; H2O / 96 h / 50 °C  

Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: 1.) NaNO2, 2N H2SO4; 2.) KBr, NaNO2, 3N H2SO4 / 1.) 50percent CH3COOH, r.t., 24 h; 2.) 50percent CH3COOH, 0-5 deg C, 1 h2: 95 percent / SOCl2 / 24 h / Ambient temperature3: 74 percent / (NH4)2CO3 / nitromethane; H2O / 96 h / 50 °C