hydrogen; acetic acid; palladium on activated charcoal in water 18 h;

oxygen; D-amino acid oxidase (M213G mutant, Rhodotorula gracilis) in phosphate buffer T=25°C; pH=8.5; 5 h; Enzymatic reaction;

1: NH4Cl / methanol; aq. NH3 / 5 h / 20 °C 2: 23.0 g / toluene; aq. NaOH / 1 h 3: 89 percent / cc. HCl / acetone / 1 h / 20 °C 4: MnSO4 / whole cells of Pseudomonas putida ATCC 12633 / H2O / 90 h / 37 °C / pH 8.3 / Enzymatic reaction View Scheme

1: 23.0 g / toluene; aq. NaOH / 1 h 2: 89 percent / cc. HCl / acetone / 1 h / 20 °C 3: MnSO4 / whole cells of Pseudomonas putida ATCC 12633 / H2O / 90 h / 37 °C / pH 8.3 / Enzymatic reaction View Scheme

1.1: sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 1.2: glacial acetic acid / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 2.1: sodium acetate / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 3.1: 65 percent / hydrogen peroxide; lithium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 0 - 20 °C 4.1: 96 percent / hydrogen; acetic acid / Pd/C / H2O / 18 h View Scheme

1.1: triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 2 h / -20 °C 2.1: lithium chloride / tetrahydrofuran / -20 - 20 °C 2.2: 5.68 g / triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 12 h 3.1: sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 3.2: glacial acetic acid / tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 4.1: sodium acetate / tetrahydrofuran / 20 °C 5.1: 65 percent / hydrogen peroxide; lithium hydroxide / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 0 - 20 °C 6.1: 96 percent / hydrogen; acetic acid / Pd/C / H2O / 18 h View Scheme

1: 10percent aq. HCl / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / Ambient temperature 2: NaIO4 / H2O; tetrahydrofuran / 48 h / Ambient temperature; pH 3 View Scheme

Yield given;