1.1: 0.98 g / pyridine / 20 °C 2.1: t-BuLi / tetrahydrofuran; pentane / 1 h / 0 °C 2.2: InCl3 / tetrahydrofuran; pentane / -78 - 20 °C 2.3: 77 percent / PPh3 / Pd2dba3 / tetrahydrofuran; pentane / Heating View Scheme

(E)-1 -(2-(4-cinnamoylphenoxy)ethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide; tetrabutyl ammonium fluoride; palladium diacetate T=50°C; Hiyama coupling; 20 h; Ionic liquidInert atmosphere;

dibromo-difluoro-methane; tert-butyl alcohol in dichloromethane T=60°C; Ramberg-Baecklund reaction; 1.5 h; Inert atmosphereMicrowave irradiation;

tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) in benzene T=80°C; 24 h; Yield given. Yields of byproduct given;

1.1: dichloromethane / 0.08 h / -78 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.2: -78 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: water; lithium chloride / dimethyl sulfoxide / 5 h / 185 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: cerium(III) chloride / tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.2: 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.3: Inert atmosphere 4.1: trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane / -78 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 5.1: 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid / dichloromethane / 2 h / 0 °C 6.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / methanol / 1500.15 Torr 7.1: dibromo-difluoro-methane; tert-butyl alcohol / dichloromethane / 1.5 h / 60 °C / Inert atmosphere; Microwave irradiation View Scheme

1.1: cerium(III) chloride / tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.2: 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.3: Inert atmosphere 2.1: trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane / -78 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid / dichloromethane / 2 h / 0 °C 4.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / methanol / 1500.15 Torr 5.1: dibromo-difluoro-methane; tert-butyl alcohol / dichloromethane / 1.5 h / 60 °C / Inert atmosphere; Microwave irradiation View Scheme

1: trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane / -78 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid / dichloromethane / 2 h / 0 °C 3: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / methanol / 1500.15 Torr 4: dibromo-difluoro-methane; tert-butyl alcohol / dichloromethane / 1.5 h / 60 °C / Inert atmosphere; Microwave irradiation View Scheme

1.1: cerium(III) chloride / tetrahydrofuran / 0 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.2: 0 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.3: Inert atmosphere 2.1: trifluoroacetic acid / dichloromethane / -78 - 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: 3-chloro-benzenecarboperoxoic acid / dichloromethane / 2 h / 0 °C 4.1: palladium 10 on activated carbon; hydrogen / methanol / 1500.15 Torr 5.1: dibromo-difluoro-methane; tert-butyl alcohol / dichloromethane / 1.5 h / 60 °C / Inert atmosphere; Microwave irradiation View Scheme

palladium diacetate; sodium acetate in water T=225°C; P=75006 - 150012 Torr; 0.333333 h; stainless steel reactor; Product distribution;

bis(η3-allyl-μ-chloropalladium(II)) in diethyl ether; benzene reaction of soln. of p-MeC6H4Ti(i-OPr)3 in ether (obtained from reaction of p-MeC6H4Li with ClTi(i-OPr)3 in ether) with soln. of bromide and (C3H5PdCl)2 in benzene at 20°C under Ar;; not isolated;;