1: 82 percent / tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) / toluene / 36 h / Heating 2: 78 percent / bis(acetonitrile)palladium chloride, p-benzoquinone, lithium chloride / dimethylformamide / 28 h / 100 - 110 °C 3: 75 percent / 20percent aq. NaOH / methanol / 12 h / Heating View Scheme