1: With water; potassium hydroxide T=80 - 85°C; 1 h; 2: With acetic acid in water T=20°C; pH=6.5 - 7; 1 h;

1: With potassium hydroxide; water T=25 - 65°C; 4 h; 2: With hydrogenchloride in water T=25 - 30°C; pH=7 - 7.5; 1 h; Product distribution / selectivity;

1: 1.) KOH / 1.) dioxane, RT, 30 min., 2.) 4 deg C, 15 h 2: 2.22 g / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 70 °C 3: 0.350 g / PPE / 1.5 h / 80 °C 4: 84 percent / dimethylformamide / Ambient temperature 5: 88 percent / KOH / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol; H2O / 1 h / 50 - 60 °C View Scheme

1: ethyl chloroformate, triethylamine / CHCl3 / 3.5 h / Ambient temperature 2: 1.) KOH / 1.) dioxane, RT, 30 min., 2.) 4 deg C, 15 h 3: 2.22 g / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 70 °C 4: 0.350 g / PPE / 1.5 h / 80 °C 5: 84 percent / dimethylformamide / Ambient temperature 6: 88 percent / KOH / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol; H2O / 1 h / 50 - 60 °C View Scheme

1: 0 °C 2: ethyl chloroformate, triethylamine / CHCl3 / 3.5 h / Ambient temperature 3: 1.) KOH / 1.) dioxane, RT, 30 min., 2.) 4 deg C, 15 h 4: 2.22 g / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 70 °C 5: 0.350 g / PPE / 1.5 h / 80 °C 6: 84 percent / dimethylformamide / Ambient temperature 7: 88 percent / KOH / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol; H2O / 1 h / 50 - 60 °C View Scheme

1: 47 percent / K2CO3, KI / dimethylformamide / 0.5 h / 105 - 110 °C 2: 84 percent / dimethylformamide / Ambient temperature 3: 88 percent / KOH / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol; H2O / 1 h / 50 - 60 °C View Scheme

1: 84 percent / dimethylformamide / Ambient temperature 2: 88 percent / KOH / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol; H2O / 1 h / 50 - 60 °C View Scheme

1: 99 percent / 35percent HCl / ethanol / 2 h / Ambient temperature 2: 47 percent / K2CO3, KI / dimethylformamide / 0.5 h / 105 - 110 °C 3: 84 percent / dimethylformamide / Ambient temperature 4: 88 percent / KOH / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol; H2O / 1 h / 50 - 60 °C View Scheme

1: 0.350 g / PPE / 1.5 h / 80 °C 2: 84 percent / dimethylformamide / Ambient temperature 3: 88 percent / KOH / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol; H2O / 1 h / 50 - 60 °C View Scheme

1: 58 percent / diphenyl ether / 5 h / 240 °C 2: 99 percent / 35percent HCl / ethanol / 2 h / Ambient temperature 3: 47 percent / K2CO3, KI / dimethylformamide / 0.5 h / 105 - 110 °C 4: 84 percent / dimethylformamide / Ambient temperature 5: 88 percent / KOH / 2-methyl-propan-2-ol; H2O / 1 h / 50 - 60 °C View Scheme