in ethanol; water T=25 - 78°C; Product distribution / selectivity;

1: trichlorophosphate / acetonitrile / 13 h / 60 - 77 °C 2: sodium t-butanolate / isobutyramide / 13 h / 20 - 105 °C 3: potassium carbonate / water; tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / 30 °C 4: water / butanone; water / 6 h / 20 - 74 °C View Scheme

1: sodium t-butanolate / isobutyramide / 13 h / 20 - 105 °C 2: potassium carbonate / water; tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / 30 °C 3: water / butanone; water / 6 h / 20 - 74 °C View Scheme

1.1: triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.3 h / 5 °C 1.2: 4 h / 10 °C 1.3: 10 h / 10 °C 2.1: oxalyl dichloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; tetrahydrofuran / 25 °C 3.1: potassium carbonate / water; tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / 30 °C 4.1: water / butanone; water / 6 h / 20 - 74 °C View Scheme

1.1: triethylamine / tetrahydrofuran / 1.3 h / 5 °C 1.2: 4 h / 10 °C 1.3: 10 h / 10 °C 2.1: oxalyl dichloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; tetrahydrofuran / 25 °C 3.1: potassium carbonate / water; tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / 30 °C 4.1: water / butanone; water / 6 h / 20 - 74 °C View Scheme

1: oxalyl dichloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; tetrahydrofuran / 25 °C 2: potassium carbonate / water; tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / 30 °C 3: water / butanone; water / 6 h / 20 - 74 °C View Scheme

1: potassium carbonate / water; tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / 30 °C 2: water / butanone; water / 6 h / 20 - 74 °C View Scheme

1: tetrahydrofuran / 10 h / 10 °C / |Large scale 2: oxalyl dichloride / tetrahydrofuran; N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 12 - 17 °C / |Large scale 3: potassium carbonate / water; tetrahydrofuran / 0.33 h / 30 °C / |Large scale 4: water; butanone / 2 h / 74 °C / |Large scale View Scheme