1: 94 percent / Et3N, HCOOH, Pd(PPh3)4 / 4 h / 23 °C 2: (PhO)2P(O)N3, Et3N, 4 Angstroem molecular sieves / toluene / 2 h / 70 °C 3: 1 h / 23 °C 4: 97 percent / H2, Rh<(COD)-(R,R)-DIPAMP>(+)*BF4(-) / 16 h / 23 °C / 2280 Torr 5: BF3*Et2O, H2O / CH2Cl2 / 0.17 h / 0 °C 6: BF3*Et2O, 4 Angstroem molecular sieves / CH2Cl2 / 18 h / 23 °C 7: 100 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethyl acetate / 6 h / 23 °C / 760 Torr 8: 61 percent / HOAc / 18 h / 23 °C 9: 87 percent / Cs2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 23 °C 10: diisobutylaluminum hydride / toluene / 5 h / -78 °C 11: KF*2H2O / methanol / 0.33 h / 23 °C 12: CH3SO3H, 3 Angstroem molecular sieves / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 23 °C 13: 72 percent / Et3N, DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 6 h / 23 °C 14: 89 percent / DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 13 h / 23 °C 15: 92 percent / i-Pr2NEt / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 23 °C 16: 1.) Bu3SnH, PdCl2(PPh3)2, HOAc, 2.) NaBH3CN, HOAc / 1.) CH2Cl2, 23 deg C, 15 min, 2.) CH3CN, 23 deg C, 30 min 17: 83 percent / PdCl2(PPh3)2, LiCl / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 80 °C 18: (PhSeO)2O / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h / 23 °C 19: Bu4NF / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / 23 °C 20: 91 percent / 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 21: 0.5 h / -40 °C 22: 1.) i-Pr2NEt, 2.) tert-butyl alcohol, N-tert-butyl-N',N',N'',N''-tetramethylguanidine / 1.) 0 deg C, 30 min, 2.) 23 deg C 23: 23 °C 24: 84 percent / PdCl2(PPh3)2, Bu3SnH, HOAc / CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h / 23 °C 25: 70 percent / <N-methylpyridinium-4-carboxaldehyde>iodide, 1,8-diazabicyclo<6.4.0>undec-7-ene, DMF / CH2Cl2 / 0.67 h / 23 °C 26: 82 percent / silica gel / ethanol / 23 °C 27: aq. CF3COOH / tetrahydrofuran / 9 h / 23 °C 28: aq. AgNO3 / acetonitrile / 11 h / 23 °C View Scheme

1: 100 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethyl acetate / 6 h / 23 °C / 760 Torr 2: 61 percent / HOAc / 18 h / 23 °C 3: 87 percent / Cs2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 23 °C 4: diisobutylaluminum hydride / toluene / 5 h / -78 °C 5: KF*2H2O / methanol / 0.33 h / 23 °C 6: CH3SO3H, 3 Angstroem molecular sieves / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 23 °C 7: 72 percent / Et3N, DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 6 h / 23 °C 8: 89 percent / DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 13 h / 23 °C 9: 92 percent / i-Pr2NEt / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 23 °C 10: 1.) Bu3SnH, PdCl2(PPh3)2, HOAc, 2.) NaBH3CN, HOAc / 1.) CH2Cl2, 23 deg C, 15 min, 2.) CH3CN, 23 deg C, 30 min 11: 83 percent / PdCl2(PPh3)2, LiCl / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 80 °C 12: (PhSeO)2O / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h / 23 °C 13: Bu4NF / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / 23 °C 14: 91 percent / 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 15: 0.5 h / -40 °C 16: 1.) i-Pr2NEt, 2.) tert-butyl alcohol, N-tert-butyl-N',N',N'',N''-tetramethylguanidine / 1.) 0 deg C, 30 min, 2.) 23 deg C 17: 23 °C 18: 84 percent / PdCl2(PPh3)2, Bu3SnH, HOAc / CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h / 23 °C 19: 70 percent / <N-methylpyridinium-4-carboxaldehyde>iodide, 1,8-diazabicyclo<6.4.0>undec-7-ene, DMF / CH2Cl2 / 0.67 h / 23 °C 20: 82 percent / silica gel / ethanol / 23 °C 21: aq. CF3COOH / tetrahydrofuran / 9 h / 23 °C 22: aq. AgNO3 / acetonitrile / 11 h / 23 °C View Scheme

1: BF3*Et2O, 4 Angstroem molecular sieves / CH2Cl2 / 18 h / 23 °C 2: 100 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethyl acetate / 6 h / 23 °C / 760 Torr 3: 61 percent / HOAc / 18 h / 23 °C 4: 87 percent / Cs2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 23 °C 5: diisobutylaluminum hydride / toluene / 5 h / -78 °C 6: KF*2H2O / methanol / 0.33 h / 23 °C 7: CH3SO3H, 3 Angstroem molecular sieves / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 23 °C 8: 72 percent / Et3N, DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 6 h / 23 °C 9: 89 percent / DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 13 h / 23 °C 10: 92 percent / i-Pr2NEt / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 23 °C 11: 1.) Bu3SnH, PdCl2(PPh3)2, HOAc, 2.) NaBH3CN, HOAc / 1.) CH2Cl2, 23 deg C, 15 min, 2.) CH3CN, 23 deg C, 30 min 12: 83 percent / PdCl2(PPh3)2, LiCl / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 80 °C 13: (PhSeO)2O / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h / 23 °C 14: Bu4NF / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / 23 °C 15: 91 percent / 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 16: 0.5 h / -40 °C 17: 1.) i-Pr2NEt, 2.) tert-butyl alcohol, N-tert-butyl-N',N',N'',N''-tetramethylguanidine / 1.) 0 deg C, 30 min, 2.) 23 deg C 18: 23 °C 19: 84 percent / PdCl2(PPh3)2, Bu3SnH, HOAc / CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h / 23 °C 20: 70 percent / <N-methylpyridinium-4-carboxaldehyde>iodide, 1,8-diazabicyclo<6.4.0>undec-7-ene, DMF / CH2Cl2 / 0.67 h / 23 °C 21: 82 percent / silica gel / ethanol / 23 °C 22: aq. CF3COOH / tetrahydrofuran / 9 h / 23 °C 23: aq. AgNO3 / acetonitrile / 11 h / 23 °C View Scheme

1: BF3*Et2O, H2O / CH2Cl2 / 0.17 h / 0 °C 2: BF3*Et2O, 4 Angstroem molecular sieves / CH2Cl2 / 18 h / 23 °C 3: 100 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethyl acetate / 6 h / 23 °C / 760 Torr 4: 61 percent / HOAc / 18 h / 23 °C 5: 87 percent / Cs2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 23 °C 6: diisobutylaluminum hydride / toluene / 5 h / -78 °C 7: KF*2H2O / methanol / 0.33 h / 23 °C 8: CH3SO3H, 3 Angstroem molecular sieves / CH2Cl2 / 5 h / 23 °C 9: 72 percent / Et3N, DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 6 h / 23 °C 10: 89 percent / DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 13 h / 23 °C 11: 92 percent / i-Pr2NEt / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 23 °C 12: 1.) Bu3SnH, PdCl2(PPh3)2, HOAc, 2.) NaBH3CN, HOAc / 1.) CH2Cl2, 23 deg C, 15 min, 2.) CH3CN, 23 deg C, 30 min 13: 83 percent / PdCl2(PPh3)2, LiCl / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 80 °C 14: (PhSeO)2O / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h / 23 °C 15: Bu4NF / tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / 23 °C 16: 91 percent / 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride, DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 17: 0.5 h / -40 °C 18: 1.) i-Pr2NEt, 2.) tert-butyl alcohol, N-tert-butyl-N',N',N'',N''-tetramethylguanidine / 1.) 0 deg C, 30 min, 2.) 23 deg C 19: 23 °C 20: 84 percent / PdCl2(PPh3)2, Bu3SnH, HOAc / CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h / 23 °C 21: 70 percent / <N-methylpyridinium-4-carboxaldehyde>iodide, 1,8-diazabicyclo<6.4.0>undec-7-ene, DMF / CH2Cl2 / 0.67 h / 23 °C 22: 82 percent / silica gel / ethanol / 23 °C 23: aq. CF3COOH / tetrahydrofuran / 9 h / 23 °C 24: aq. AgNO3 / acetonitrile / 11 h / 23 °C View Scheme

1.1: 4-formyl-1-methylpyridinium benzenesulfonate / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.17 h / 23 °C 1.2: DBU / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.25 h / 23 °C 1.3: 53 percent / aq. oxalic acid / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.5 h / 23 °C 2.1: 97 percent / NaOAc / ethanol / 3 h / 23 °C 3.1: 92 percent / aq. AgNO3 / acetonitrile / 19 h / 23 °C View Scheme

1.1: 50 percent / NaNO2; aq. KH2PO4; H3PO4 / CH2Cl2 / 48 h / 23 °C 2.1: 93 percent / EDC*HCl; DMAP; DIPEA / CH2Cl2 3.1: 95 percent / NaH / tetrahydrofuran 4.1: 87 percent / Bu3SnH; AcOH / (Ph3P)2PdCl2 / CH2Cl2 5.1: 86 percent / (PhSeO)2O / CH2Cl2 6.1: DMSO; Tf2O / CH2Cl2 6.2: DIPEA; t-BuOH; tert-butyl-tetramethylguanidine / CH2Cl2 6.3: 55 percent / CH2Cl2 7.1: 85 percent / p-TsOH / CHCl3 8.1: 55 percent / N-methylpyridinium-4-carboxaldehyde iodide; DBU; oxalic acid 9.1: 91 percent / silica gel / ethanol 10.1: 88 percent / AgNO3 / acetonitrile; H2O View Scheme

1: 95 percent / EDC*HCl; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 23 °C 2: 90 percent / Bu3SnH; AcOH / (PPh3)2PdCl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h / 23 °C 3: 91 percent / benzeneseleninic anhydride / CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h / -10 °C 4: 58 percent View Scheme

1: 50 percent / NaNO2; AcOH / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 3 h / 0 °C 2: 95 percent / EDC*HCl; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 23 °C 3: 90 percent / Bu3SnH; AcOH / (PPh3)2PdCl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h / 23 °C 4: 91 percent / benzeneseleninic anhydride / CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h / -10 °C 5: 58 percent View Scheme

1: 87 percent / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 23 °C 2: 82 percent / HCl / dioxane / 1 h / 23 °C 3: 98 percent / pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C 4: 88 percent / diisopropylethylamine; dimethylaminopyridine / acetonitrile / 6 h / 40 °C 5: 83 percent / Zn; AcOH / H2O / 7 h / 23 °C 6: 50 percent / NaNO2; AcOH / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 3 h / 0 °C 7: 95 percent / EDC*HCl; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 23 °C 8: 90 percent / Bu3SnH; AcOH / (PPh3)2PdCl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h / 23 °C 9: 91 percent / benzeneseleninic anhydride / CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h / -10 °C 10: 58 percent View Scheme

1: 88 percent / diisopropylethylamine; dimethylaminopyridine / acetonitrile / 6 h / 40 °C 2: 83 percent / Zn; AcOH / H2O / 7 h / 23 °C 3: 50 percent / NaNO2; AcOH / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 3 h / 0 °C 4: 95 percent / EDC*HCl; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 23 °C 5: 90 percent / Bu3SnH; AcOH / (PPh3)2PdCl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h / 23 °C 6: 91 percent / benzeneseleninic anhydride / CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h / -10 °C 7: 58 percent View Scheme