1: 56 percent / Cs2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 3 h / 23 °C 2: TFA / CH2Cl2 / 4 h / 23 °C 3: 87 percent / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 23 °C 4: 82 percent / HCl / dioxane / 1 h / 23 °C 5: 98 percent / pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C 6: 88 percent / diisopropylethylamine; dimethylaminopyridine / acetonitrile / 6 h / 40 °C 7: 83 percent / Zn; AcOH / H2O / 7 h / 23 °C 8: 50 percent / NaNO2; AcOH / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 3 h / 0 °C 9: 95 percent / EDC*HCl; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 23 °C 10: 90 percent / Bu3SnH; AcOH / (PPh3)2PdCl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h / 23 °C 11: 91 percent / benzeneseleninic anhydride / CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h / -10 °C 12: 58 percent View Scheme

1: 83 percent / Zn; AcOH / H2O / 7 h / 23 °C 2: 50 percent / NaNO2; AcOH / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 3 h / 0 °C 3: 95 percent / EDC*HCl; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 23 °C 4: 90 percent / Bu3SnH; AcOH / (PPh3)2PdCl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h / 23 °C 5: 91 percent / benzeneseleninic anhydride / CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h / -10 °C 6: 58 percent View Scheme

1: TFA / CH2Cl2 / 4 h / 23 °C 2: 87 percent / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 23 °C 3: 82 percent / HCl / dioxane / 1 h / 23 °C 4: 98 percent / pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C 5: 88 percent / diisopropylethylamine; dimethylaminopyridine / acetonitrile / 6 h / 40 °C 6: 83 percent / Zn; AcOH / H2O / 7 h / 23 °C 7: 50 percent / NaNO2; AcOH / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 3 h / 0 °C 8: 95 percent / EDC*HCl; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 23 °C 9: 90 percent / Bu3SnH; AcOH / (PPh3)2PdCl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h / 23 °C 10: 91 percent / benzeneseleninic anhydride / CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h / -10 °C 11: 58 percent View Scheme

1: 82 percent / HCl / dioxane / 1 h / 23 °C 2: 98 percent / pyridine / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 0 °C 3: 88 percent / diisopropylethylamine; dimethylaminopyridine / acetonitrile / 6 h / 40 °C 4: 83 percent / Zn; AcOH / H2O / 7 h / 23 °C 5: 50 percent / NaNO2; AcOH / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 3 h / 0 °C 6: 95 percent / EDC*HCl; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 3 h / 23 °C 7: 90 percent / Bu3SnH; AcOH / (PPh3)2PdCl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h / 23 °C 8: 91 percent / benzeneseleninic anhydride / CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h / -10 °C 9: 58 percent View Scheme

1: 90 percent / Bu3SnH; AcOH / (PPh3)2PdCl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.25 h / 23 °C 2: 91 percent / benzeneseleninic anhydride / CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h / -10 °C 3: 58 percent View Scheme

1.1: 68 percent / triethylamine / acetonitrile / 14 h / 0 °C 2.1: 97 percent / imidazole / dimethylformamide / 3 h / 23 °C 3.1: 94 percent / K2CO3; MeOH / 2 h / 23 °C 4.1: Dess-Martin periodinane / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 23 °C 5.1: 1.26 g / ZnCl2 / CH2Cl2; tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / 23 °C 6.1: 80 percent / LiBH4 / tetrahydrofuran; methanol / 10 h / 0 °C 7.1: 92 percent / pyridine; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 8.1: 91 percent / aq. HF / acetonitrile / 2 h / 23 °C 9.1: 93 percent / Dess-Martin periodinane / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 20 °C 10.1: 95 percent / CF3COOH / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 11.1: 96 percent / K2CO3; MeOH / 1 h / 20 °C 12.1: 95 percent / DMAP; EDCl / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 20 °C 13.1: CF3COOH / 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol / 3 h / 20 °C 14.1: 143 mg / pyridine; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 15.1: 87 percent / n-Bu3SnH; AcOH; Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 20 °C 16.1: 97 percent / NaBH3CN; AcOH / acetonitrile; methanol / 2 h / 23 °C 17.1: 92 percent / Zn; AcOH / diethyl ether / 1 h / 23 °C 18.1: 4-formyl-1-methylpyridinium benzenesulfonate / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.17 h / 23 °C 18.2: DBU / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.25 h / 23 °C 18.3: 53 percent / aq. oxalic acid / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.5 h / 23 °C 19.1: 97 percent / NaOAc / ethanol / 3 h / 23 °C 20.1: 92 percent / aq. AgNO3 / acetonitrile / 19 h / 23 °C View Scheme

1.1: 91 percent / benzotriazole; thionyl bromide / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 20 °C 2.1: 68 percent / triethylamine / acetonitrile / 14 h / 0 °C 3.1: 97 percent / imidazole / dimethylformamide / 3 h / 23 °C 4.1: 94 percent / K2CO3; MeOH / 2 h / 23 °C 5.1: Dess-Martin periodinane / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 23 °C 6.1: 1.26 g / ZnCl2 / CH2Cl2; tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / 23 °C 7.1: 80 percent / LiBH4 / tetrahydrofuran; methanol / 10 h / 0 °C 8.1: 92 percent / pyridine; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 9.1: 91 percent / aq. HF / acetonitrile / 2 h / 23 °C 10.1: 93 percent / Dess-Martin periodinane / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 20 °C 11.1: 95 percent / CF3COOH / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 12.1: 96 percent / K2CO3; MeOH / 1 h / 20 °C 13.1: 95 percent / DMAP; EDCl / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 20 °C 14.1: CF3COOH / 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol / 3 h / 20 °C 15.1: 143 mg / pyridine; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 16.1: 87 percent / n-Bu3SnH; AcOH; Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 20 °C 17.1: 97 percent / NaBH3CN; AcOH / acetonitrile; methanol / 2 h / 23 °C 18.1: 92 percent / Zn; AcOH / diethyl ether / 1 h / 23 °C 19.1: 4-formyl-1-methylpyridinium benzenesulfonate / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.17 h / 23 °C 19.2: DBU / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.25 h / 23 °C 19.3: 53 percent / aq. oxalic acid / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.5 h / 23 °C 20.1: 97 percent / NaOAc / ethanol / 3 h / 23 °C 21.1: 92 percent / aq. AgNO3 / acetonitrile / 19 h / 23 °C View Scheme

1.1: 95 percent / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 23 °C 2.1: 93 percent / K3PO4; Pd(PPh3)4 / dioxane / 4 h / 100 °C 3.1: 91 percent / benzotriazole; thionyl bromide / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 20 °C 4.1: 68 percent / triethylamine / acetonitrile / 14 h / 0 °C 5.1: 97 percent / imidazole / dimethylformamide / 3 h / 23 °C 6.1: 94 percent / K2CO3; MeOH / 2 h / 23 °C 7.1: Dess-Martin periodinane / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 23 °C 8.1: 1.26 g / ZnCl2 / CH2Cl2; tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / 23 °C 9.1: 80 percent / LiBH4 / tetrahydrofuran; methanol / 10 h / 0 °C 10.1: 92 percent / pyridine; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 11.1: 91 percent / aq. HF / acetonitrile / 2 h / 23 °C 12.1: 93 percent / Dess-Martin periodinane / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 20 °C 13.1: 95 percent / CF3COOH / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 14.1: 96 percent / K2CO3; MeOH / 1 h / 20 °C 15.1: 95 percent / DMAP; EDCl / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 20 °C 16.1: CF3COOH / 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol / 3 h / 20 °C 17.1: 143 mg / pyridine; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 18.1: 87 percent / n-Bu3SnH; AcOH; Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 20 °C 19.1: 97 percent / NaBH3CN; AcOH / acetonitrile; methanol / 2 h / 23 °C 20.1: 92 percent / Zn; AcOH / diethyl ether / 1 h / 23 °C 21.1: 4-formyl-1-methylpyridinium benzenesulfonate / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.17 h / 23 °C 21.2: DBU / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.25 h / 23 °C 21.3: 53 percent / aq. oxalic acid / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.5 h / 23 °C 22.1: 97 percent / NaOAc / ethanol / 3 h / 23 °C 23.1: 92 percent / aq. AgNO3 / acetonitrile / 19 h / 23 °C View Scheme

1.1: 93 percent / K3PO4; Pd(PPh3)4 / dioxane / 4 h / 100 °C 2.1: 91 percent / benzotriazole; thionyl bromide / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 20 °C 3.1: 68 percent / triethylamine / acetonitrile / 14 h / 0 °C 4.1: 97 percent / imidazole / dimethylformamide / 3 h / 23 °C 5.1: 94 percent / K2CO3; MeOH / 2 h / 23 °C 6.1: Dess-Martin periodinane / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 23 °C 7.1: 1.26 g / ZnCl2 / CH2Cl2; tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / 23 °C 8.1: 80 percent / LiBH4 / tetrahydrofuran; methanol / 10 h / 0 °C 9.1: 92 percent / pyridine; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 10.1: 91 percent / aq. HF / acetonitrile / 2 h / 23 °C 11.1: 93 percent / Dess-Martin periodinane / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 20 °C 12.1: 95 percent / CF3COOH / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 13.1: 96 percent / K2CO3; MeOH / 1 h / 20 °C 14.1: 95 percent / DMAP; EDCl / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 20 °C 15.1: CF3COOH / 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol / 3 h / 20 °C 16.1: 143 mg / pyridine; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 17.1: 87 percent / n-Bu3SnH; AcOH; Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 20 °C 18.1: 97 percent / NaBH3CN; AcOH / acetonitrile; methanol / 2 h / 23 °C 19.1: 92 percent / Zn; AcOH / diethyl ether / 1 h / 23 °C 20.1: 4-formyl-1-methylpyridinium benzenesulfonate / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.17 h / 23 °C 20.2: DBU / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.25 h / 23 °C 20.3: 53 percent / aq. oxalic acid / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.5 h / 23 °C 21.1: 97 percent / NaOAc / ethanol / 3 h / 23 °C 22.1: 92 percent / aq. AgNO3 / acetonitrile / 19 h / 23 °C View Scheme

1.1: 88 percent / aq. NaHCO3 / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 20 °C 2.1: 86 percent / Cs2CO3; CsI / dimethylformamide / 3 h / 20 °C 3.1: 92 percent / pyridine; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 20 °C 4.1: 72 percent / trfifluoroacetic acid / CH2Cl2 / 4 h / 20 °C 5.1: 68 percent / triethylamine / acetonitrile / 14 h / 0 °C 6.1: 97 percent / imidazole / dimethylformamide / 3 h / 23 °C 7.1: 94 percent / K2CO3; MeOH / 2 h / 23 °C 8.1: Dess-Martin periodinane / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 23 °C 9.1: 1.26 g / ZnCl2 / CH2Cl2; tetrahydrofuran / 0.17 h / 23 °C 10.1: 80 percent / LiBH4 / tetrahydrofuran; methanol / 10 h / 0 °C 11.1: 92 percent / pyridine; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 12.1: 91 percent / aq. HF / acetonitrile / 2 h / 23 °C 13.1: 93 percent / Dess-Martin periodinane / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 20 °C 14.1: 95 percent / CF3COOH / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 15.1: 96 percent / K2CO3; MeOH / 1 h / 20 °C 16.1: 95 percent / DMAP; EDCl / CH2Cl2 / 1 h / 20 °C 17.1: CF3COOH / 2,2,2-trifluoro-ethanol / 3 h / 20 °C 18.1: 143 mg / pyridine; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / 23 °C 19.1: 87 percent / n-Bu3SnH; AcOH; Pd(PPh3)2Cl2 / CH2Cl2 / 0.33 h / 20 °C 20.1: 97 percent / NaBH3CN; AcOH / acetonitrile; methanol / 2 h / 23 °C 21.1: 92 percent / Zn; AcOH / diethyl ether / 1 h / 23 °C 22.1: 4-formyl-1-methylpyridinium benzenesulfonate / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.17 h / 23 °C 22.2: DBU / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.25 h / 23 °C 22.3: 53 percent / aq. oxalic acid / CH2Cl2; dimethylformamide / 0.5 h / 23 °C 23.1: 97 percent / NaOAc / ethanol / 3 h / 23 °C 24.1: 92 percent / aq. AgNO3 / acetonitrile / 19 h / 23 °C View Scheme