1: 42 percent / Na2S*9H2O, S / H2O; ethanol / 0.5 h / Heating 2: 83 percent / copper(II) acetate / dimethylformamide / 100 °C 3: SOCl2, DMF / 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 0.5 h / Heating 4: CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h 5: 34 percent / POCl3 / 4 h / Heating View Scheme

1: 83 percent / copper(II) acetate / dimethylformamide / 100 °C 2: SOCl2, DMF / 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 0.5 h / Heating 3: CH2Cl2 / 0.08 h 4: 34 percent / POCl3 / 4 h / Heating View Scheme

T=21°C; pH 7, pulse radiolysis; Equilibrium constant;