1.1: AlCl3, aluminium chloride / 0 - 60 °C 2.1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 7 h / 110 °C 3.1: sulfuric acid / water / 3 h / 160 °C 4.1: thionyl chloride / benzene / 3 h / Reflux 5.1: methanol; sodium tetrahydroborate / tert-butyl alcohol / Reflux 6.1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / benzene / 2 h / Reflux 7.1: triphenylphosphine; nickel dichloride; zinc / acetonitrile / 0.5 h / 20 °C 7.2: 8 h / Reflux View Scheme

1.1: AlCl3, aluminium chloride / 0 - 60 °C 2.1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 7 h / 110 °C 3.1: sulfuric acid / water / 3 h / 160 °C 4.1: thionyl chloride / benzene / 3 h / Reflux 5.1: methanol; sodium tetrahydroborate / tert-butyl alcohol / Reflux 6.1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / benzene / 2 h / Reflux 7.1: triphenylphosphine; nickel dichloride; zinc / acetonitrile / 0.5 h / 20 °C 7.2: 8 h / Reflux 8.1: sodium hydride / dimethyl sulfoxide; paraffin oil / 0.17 h / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 8.2: 0.83 h / 40 °C View Scheme

1.1: tetrahydrofuran / 4 h / 0 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.1: C69H78Cl2N2O6P2Ru; potassium tert-butylate; hydrogen / isopropyl alcohol / 16 h / 25 °C / 6080.41 Torr / Autoclave; Inert atmosphere 3.1: n-butyllithium / tetrahydrofuran / 1.5 h / -78 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.2: Hydrolysis; Inert atmosphere View Scheme

in tetrahydrofuran