1: LiAlH4 / tetrahydrofuran; toluene / 0 - 5 °C 2: 24 g / sodium tungstate dihydrate, 30 percent hydrogen peroxide / H2O; ethyl acetate; toluene / 1) 0 - 15 deg C, 30 min, 2) 25 deg C, 2 h 3: 95 percent / pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 48 h / 25 - 30 °C 4: 89.6 percent / H2SO4 / 20 - 25 °C 5: chlorosulfonic acid / 12 h / 50 °C 6: conc. NH4OH / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 5 °C 7: 1) borane-dimethyl sulfide, 2) H2SO4 / 1) THF, r.t. View Scheme

1: 24 g / sodium tungstate dihydrate, 30 percent hydrogen peroxide / H2O; ethyl acetate; toluene / 1) 0 - 15 deg C, 30 min, 2) 25 deg C, 2 h 2: 95 percent / pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 48 h / 25 - 30 °C 3: 89.6 percent / H2SO4 / 20 - 25 °C 4: chlorosulfonic acid / 12 h / 50 °C 5: conc. NH4OH / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 5 °C 6: 1) borane-dimethyl sulfide, 2) H2SO4 / 1) THF, r.t. View Scheme

1: trifluoroacetic anhydride / toluene / 1 h / 25 °C 2: LiAlH4 / tetrahydrofuran; toluene / 0 - 5 °C 3: 24 g / sodium tungstate dihydrate, 30 percent hydrogen peroxide / H2O; ethyl acetate; toluene / 1) 0 - 15 deg C, 30 min, 2) 25 deg C, 2 h 4: 95 percent / pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 48 h / 25 - 30 °C 5: 89.6 percent / H2SO4 / 20 - 25 °C 6: chlorosulfonic acid / 12 h / 50 °C 7: conc. NH4OH / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 5 °C 8: 1) borane-dimethyl sulfide, 2) H2SO4 / 1) THF, r.t. View Scheme

1: 45 g / 12 N HCl / H2O / 3 h / Heating 2: trifluoroacetic anhydride / toluene / 1 h / 25 °C 3: LiAlH4 / tetrahydrofuran; toluene / 0 - 5 °C 4: 24 g / sodium tungstate dihydrate, 30 percent hydrogen peroxide / H2O; ethyl acetate; toluene / 1) 0 - 15 deg C, 30 min, 2) 25 deg C, 2 h 5: 95 percent / pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 48 h / 25 - 30 °C 6: 89.6 percent / H2SO4 / 20 - 25 °C 7: chlorosulfonic acid / 12 h / 50 °C 8: conc. NH4OH / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 5 °C 9: 1) borane-dimethyl sulfide, 2) H2SO4 / 1) THF, r.t. View Scheme

1: 95 percent / pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / 48 h / 25 - 30 °C 2: 89.6 percent / H2SO4 / 20 - 25 °C 3: chlorosulfonic acid / 12 h / 50 °C 4: conc. NH4OH / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 5 °C 5: 1) borane-dimethyl sulfide, 2) H2SO4 / 1) THF, r.t. View Scheme

1: H2SO4 / -5 °C 2: chlorosulfonic acid / 12 h / 50 °C 3: conc. NH4OH / tetrahydrofuran / 1 h / 0 - 5 °C 4: 1) borane-dimethyl sulfide, 2) H2SO4 / 1) THF, r.t. View Scheme

hydrogenchloride in ethyl acetate pH=1;