potassium tert-butylate; Verkade nonionic superbase; tris-(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) in 1,4-dioxane T=80°C; 5 h;

P(i-BuNCH2CH2)3N; potassium tert-butylate; tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (0) in toluene T=70°C; 5 h;

1: cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester With sodium hydride in tetrahydrofuran Inert atmosphere; 2: para-iodobenzonitrile With tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) chloroform complex; 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-2,4,8-trioxa-6-isobutyl-6-phosphaadamantane in tetrahydrofuran T=60°C; Inert atmosphere;

anhydrous 4,4'-bipyridyl in ammonia electrolysis;

sodium hydride in tetrahydrofuran 4 h; Heating;