potassium hydroxide in ethanol

1: KOH / aq. ethanol 2: 85 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.; ref., 3 h 3: 93 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.,; ref., 3 h 4: 80 percent / Cu / dimethylformamide / 2 h / Heating 5: 88 percent / KOH / aq. ethanol View Scheme

Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: KOH / aq. ethanol2: 85 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.; ref., 3 h3: 93 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.,; ref., 3 h  

Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: KOH / aq. ethanol2: 85 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.; ref., 3 h3: 68 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.,; ref., 3 h4: 33 percent / Cu / dimethylformamide / 2 h / Heating  

Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: KOH / aq. ethanol2: 85 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.; ref., 3 h3: 93 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.,; ref., 3 h4: 80 percent / Cu / dimethylformamide / 2 h / Heating  

With  copper in  N,N-dimethyl-formamide 2 h;  Heating;   

Multi-step reaction with 6 steps 1: 93 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.,; ref., 3 h2: 80 percent / Cu / dimethylformamide / 2 h / Heating3: 88 percent / KOH / aq. ethanol4: 81 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.; ref., 3 h5: 86 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.,; ref., 3 h6: 44 percent / Cu / dimethylformamide / 2 h / Heating  

Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: KOH / aq. ethanol2: 81 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.; ref., 3 h3: 86 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.,; ref., 3 h4: 44 percent / Cu / dimethylformamide / 2 h / Heating  

Multi-step reaction with 4 steps 1: 88 percent / KOH / aq. ethanol2: 81 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.; ref., 3 h3: 86 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.,; ref., 3 h4: 44 percent / Cu / dimethylformamide / 2 h / Heating  

Multi-step reaction with 2 steps 1: KOH / aq. ethanol2: 85 percent / benzene; pyridine / r.t.; ref., 3 h