tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); sodium carbonate in 1,4-dioxane; water T=20 - 110°C; 3 h; Inert atmosphere;

tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); sodium carbonate in 1,4-dioxane; water T=20 - 88°C; 7.5 h; Inert atmosphereLarge scale;

1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 3 h / 20 - 60 °C 2: tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); sodium carbonate / 1,4-dioxane; water / 3 h / 20 - 110 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: methanol / 6 h / 20 - 35 °C 2: potassium acetate; (1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloride / 1,4-dioxane / 2 h / 20 - 110 °C / |Inert atmosphere 3: tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); sodium carbonate / 1,4-dioxane; water / 3 h / 20 - 110 °C / |Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: potassium acetate; dichloro(1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocene)palladium(II) dichloromethane adduct / 1,4-dioxane / 3.5 h / 100 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Large scale 2: tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); sodium carbonate / 1,4-dioxane; water / 7.5 h / 20 - 88 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Large scale View Scheme