formic acid in water 1.5 h;

1: 40 percent / fuming HNO3, Ac2O / 5 °C 2: 96 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethyl acetate / 1034.3 Torr 3: 62 percent / NaNO2, HF, pyridine / 2 h / 65 °C 4: 100 percent / n-bromosuccinimide (NBS), (PhCO2)2 / CCl4 / 4 h / Heating 5: 99 percent / HCO2Na / ethanol; H2O / 2 h / Heating 6: 71 percent / Jones reagent / acetone / 2 h / 10 - 15 °C 7: COCl2 / dimethylformamide; CH2Cl2 / 1 h 8: 96 percent / Et3N / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 - 20 °C 9: 1.) NaH / 1.) THF, 55-60 deg C, 45 min, 2.) THF, RT, 30 min 10: 98 percent / HCO2H / H2O / 1.5 h View Scheme

1: 96 percent / H2 / 10percent Pd/C / ethyl acetate / 1034.3 Torr 2: 62 percent / NaNO2, HF, pyridine / 2 h / 65 °C 3: 100 percent / n-bromosuccinimide (NBS), (PhCO2)2 / CCl4 / 4 h / Heating 4: 99 percent / HCO2Na / ethanol; H2O / 2 h / Heating 5: 71 percent / Jones reagent / acetone / 2 h / 10 - 15 °C 6: COCl2 / dimethylformamide; CH2Cl2 / 1 h 7: 96 percent / Et3N / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 - 20 °C 8: 1.) NaH / 1.) THF, 55-60 deg C, 45 min, 2.) THF, RT, 30 min 9: 98 percent / HCO2H / H2O / 1.5 h View Scheme

1: 99 percent / HCO2Na / ethanol; H2O / 2 h / Heating 2: 71 percent / Jones reagent / acetone / 2 h / 10 - 15 °C 3: COCl2 / dimethylformamide; CH2Cl2 / 1 h 4: 96 percent / Et3N / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 - 20 °C 5: 1.) NaH / 1.) THF, 55-60 deg C, 45 min, 2.) THF, RT, 30 min 6: 98 percent / HCO2H / H2O / 1.5 h View Scheme

1: 71 percent / Jones reagent / acetone / 2 h / 10 - 15 °C 2: COCl2 / dimethylformamide; CH2Cl2 / 1 h 3: 96 percent / Et3N / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 - 20 °C 4: 1.) NaH / 1.) THF, 55-60 deg C, 45 min, 2.) THF, RT, 30 min 5: 98 percent / HCO2H / H2O / 1.5 h View Scheme

1: COCl2 / dimethylformamide; CH2Cl2 / 1 h 2: 96 percent / Et3N / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 - 20 °C 3: 1.) NaH / 1.) THF, 55-60 deg C, 45 min, 2.) THF, RT, 30 min 4: 98 percent / HCO2H / H2O / 1.5 h View Scheme

1: 1.) NaH / 1.) THF, 55-60 deg C, 45 min, 2.) THF, RT, 30 min 2: 98 percent / HCO2H / H2O / 1.5 h View Scheme

1: 62 percent / NaNO2, HF, pyridine / 2 h / 65 °C 2: 100 percent / n-bromosuccinimide (NBS), (PhCO2)2 / CCl4 / 4 h / Heating 3: 99 percent / HCO2Na / ethanol; H2O / 2 h / Heating 4: 71 percent / Jones reagent / acetone / 2 h / 10 - 15 °C 5: COCl2 / dimethylformamide; CH2Cl2 / 1 h 6: 96 percent / Et3N / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 - 20 °C 7: 1.) NaH / 1.) THF, 55-60 deg C, 45 min, 2.) THF, RT, 30 min 8: 98 percent / HCO2H / H2O / 1.5 h View Scheme

1: 100 percent / n-bromosuccinimide (NBS), (PhCO2)2 / CCl4 / 4 h / Heating 2: 99 percent / HCO2Na / ethanol; H2O / 2 h / Heating 3: 71 percent / Jones reagent / acetone / 2 h / 10 - 15 °C 4: COCl2 / dimethylformamide; CH2Cl2 / 1 h 5: 96 percent / Et3N / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 0 - 20 °C 6: 1.) NaH / 1.) THF, 55-60 deg C, 45 min, 2.) THF, RT, 30 min 7: 98 percent / HCO2H / H2O / 1.5 h View Scheme