1: 89 percent / Na2CO3 / H2O / 20 h / 115 °C 2: H2 / 10percent Pd/BaSO4 / tetrahydrofuran / 6 h / 25 °C View Scheme

1: 56 percent / conc. H2SO4, HNO3 / acetic acid / 2 h / Ambient temperature 2: 58 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 8 h / Heating 3: 93 percent / acetic acid / Ambient temperature 4: 71 percent / acetic acid, sodium triacetoxyborohydride / 1,2-dichloro-ethane 5: 82.5 percent / potassium hydroxide / various solvent(s) / 4 h / 57 °C / solvent: N-methyl-pyrrolidinone 6: aq. HCl 7: 94 percent / thionyl chloride / 3 h / Heating 8: 1.) sodium hydrosulfite, 2.) aq. HCl / 1.) THF, ethanol, water, steam bath, 4 h, 2.) THF, ethanol, 15 min, steam bath View Scheme

1: 58 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 8 h / Heating 2: 93 percent / acetic acid / Ambient temperature 3: 71 percent / acetic acid, sodium triacetoxyborohydride / 1,2-dichloro-ethane 4: 82.5 percent / potassium hydroxide / various solvent(s) / 4 h / 57 °C / solvent: N-methyl-pyrrolidinone 5: aq. HCl 6: 94 percent / thionyl chloride / 3 h / Heating 7: 1.) sodium hydrosulfite, 2.) aq. HCl / 1.) THF, ethanol, water, steam bath, 4 h, 2.) THF, ethanol, 15 min, steam bath View Scheme

1: 82.5 percent / potassium hydroxide / various solvent(s) / 4 h / 57 °C / solvent: N-methyl-pyrrolidinone 2: aq. HCl 3: 94 percent / thionyl chloride / 3 h / Heating 4: 1.) sodium hydrosulfite, 2.) aq. HCl / 1.) THF, ethanol, water, steam bath, 4 h, 2.) THF, ethanol, 15 min, steam bath View Scheme

in dimethyl sulfoxide T=100°C; 24 h;

1.1: potassium carbonate / dimethyl sulfoxide / 25 - 30 °C / Inert atmosphere 1.2: 16 h / 40 - 85 °C 2.1: hydrogenchloride; tin / water; methanol / 10 - 70 °C 3.1: AlCl3, aluminium chloride / 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.2: 35 - 37 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.1: trifluoroacetic acid / 0.25 h / 25 - 30 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.2: 0 - 35 °C / Inert atmosphere 5.1: sodium carbonate / water / 25 - 100 °C View Scheme

1.1: hydrogenchloride; tin / water; methanol / 10 - 70 °C 2.1: AlCl3, aluminium chloride / 1,2-dichloro-ethane / 20 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.2: 35 - 37 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: trifluoroacetic acid / 0.25 h / 25 - 30 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.2: 0 - 35 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.1: sodium carbonate / water / 25 - 100 °C View Scheme

hydrogenchloride; sodium disulfite 1.) THF, ethanol, water, steam bath, 4 h, 2.) THF, ethanol, 15 min, steam bath; Yield given. Multistep reaction;

1: 94 percent / thionyl chloride / 3 h / Heating 2: 1.) sodium hydrosulfite, 2.) aq. HCl / 1.) THF, ethanol, water, steam bath, 4 h, 2.) THF, ethanol, 15 min, steam bath View Scheme

1: 95 percent / aq. HCl / 20 h / Heating 2: 94 percent / thionyl chloride / 3 h / Heating 3: 1.) sodium hydrosulfite, 2.) aq. HCl / 1.) THF, ethanol, water, steam bath, 4 h, 2.) THF, ethanol, 15 min, steam bath View Scheme