1: quinolin-5-ylamine With sulfuric acid; sulfur trioxide; m-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt in water
T=105°C;
2: (E)-crotonaldehyde in water
T=105°C; 16.25 h;
3: With sodium hydroxide in water
pH=11; Cooling with ice;
Anderson, John R.; Edwards, Raymond L.; Whalley, Anthony J. S.
Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1: Organic and Bio-Organic Chemistry (1972-1999), 1982 , p. 215 - 222