1: With potassium hydroxide; palladium diacetate; triphenylphosphine in water; isopropyl alcohol; toluene T=70°C; 5 h; 2: in water; isopropyl alcohol; toluene T=20°C; pH=2; Acidic conditions;

potassium tert-butylate in isopropyl alcohol T=10 - 25°C; Product distribution / selectivity;

potassium carbonate in methanol 12 h; Heating / reflux; Product distribution / selectivity;

potassium hydroxide in methanol; water Heating / reflux; Purification / work up;

in water; isopropyl alcohol T=38 - 42°C;

Heating / reflux; Product distribution / selectivity;

1.1: C6H16N6O3Zn / butan-1-ol / 100 - 120 °C / Reflux 1.2: 2 h 1.3: pH 3 - 4 2.1: potassium hydroxide / isopropyl alcohol 2.2: 3 h / 20 - 50 °C View Scheme

1: 1,3-dibromo-5,5-dimethyl-hydantoin; 2,2'-azo-bisisobutyronitrile / dichloromethane / 24 h / 40 - 42 °C / |Reflux; |Large scale 2: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl acetamide / 4 h / -12 - -8 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Large scale 3: sodium tetrahydroborate / methanol / -12 - -10 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Large scale 4: sodium azide / toluene; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 35 h / 98 - 102 °C / |Large scale 5: hydrogenchloride / dichloromethane; water / 4 h / 2 - 5 °C / pH 4 - 4.3 / |Large scale 6: potassium hydroxide / methanol / 0.5 h / 40 - 45 °C / |Large scale View Scheme

1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl acetamide / 4 h / -12 - -8 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Large scale 2: sodium tetrahydroborate / methanol / -12 - -10 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Large scale 3: sodium azide / toluene; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 35 h / 98 - 102 °C / |Large scale 4: hydrogenchloride / dichloromethane; water / 4 h / 2 - 5 °C / pH 4 - 4.3 / |Large scale 5: potassium hydroxide / methanol / 0.5 h / 40 - 45 °C / |Large scale View Scheme

1: sodium tetrahydroborate / methanol / -12 - -10 °C / |Inert atmosphere; |Large scale 2: sodium azide / toluene; 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 35 h / 98 - 102 °C / |Large scale 3: hydrogenchloride / dichloromethane; water / 4 h / 2 - 5 °C / pH 4 - 4.3 / |Large scale 4: potassium hydroxide / methanol / 0.5 h / 40 - 45 °C / |Large scale View Scheme