in dimethyl sulfoxide Kinetics; byproducts: CH3C6H4NPh2; heating of ((phen)2Cu)(Cu(NPh2)2) with 5 equiv. of p-iodotoluene in DMSOat 80°C for 1.5 h or at at 60°C with added CuI;

in dimethyl sulfoxide Kinetics; byproducts: o-MeC6H4NPh2, p-MeC6H4NPh2; heating of ((phen)2Cu)(Cu(NPh2)2) with mixt. of o- and p-iodotoluene (20equiv. of each) in DMSO at 80°C for 3 h or at 30°C with a dded CuI;