1: With water; sodium hydroxide in methanol T=0 - 20°C; 2: With hydrogenchloride in water pH=5 - 6;

1.1: hydrogenchloride; iron / ethanol; water / 40 °C / Reflux 2.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0 - 20 °C 3.1: acetic anhydride; potassium acetate; acetic acid / chloroform / 0.25 h / 20 °C 3.2: 40 - 60 °C 3.3: 0 - 20 °C 4.1: triethylamine / 2,2'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'- binaphthyl; palladium dichloride / acetonitrile / 18 h / 100 °C / 15001.5 Torr 5.1: sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 0 - 20 °C 5.2: pH 5 - 6 View Scheme

1.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0 - 20 °C 2.1: acetic anhydride; potassium acetate; acetic acid / chloroform / 0.25 h / 20 °C 2.2: 40 - 60 °C 2.3: 0 - 20 °C 3.1: triethylamine / 2,2'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'- binaphthyl; palladium dichloride / acetonitrile / 18 h / 100 °C / 15001.5 Torr 4.1: sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 0 - 20 °C 4.2: pH 5 - 6 View Scheme

1.1: acetic anhydride; potassium acetate; acetic acid / chloroform / 0.25 h / 20 °C 1.2: 40 - 60 °C 1.3: 0 - 20 °C 2.1: triethylamine / 2,2'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'- binaphthyl; palladium dichloride / acetonitrile / 18 h / 100 °C / 15001.5 Torr 3.1: sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 0 - 20 °C 3.2: pH 5 - 6 View Scheme

1.1: hydrogenchloride; water / 18 h / Reflux 1.2: 0 °C 2.1: hydrogenchloride; iron / ethanol; water / 40 °C / Reflux 3.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0 - 20 °C 4.1: acetic anhydride; potassium acetate; acetic acid / chloroform / 0.25 h / 20 °C 4.2: 40 - 60 °C 4.3: 0 - 20 °C 5.1: triethylamine / 2,2'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'- binaphthyl; palladium dichloride / acetonitrile / 18 h / 100 °C / 15001.5 Torr 6.1: sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 0 - 20 °C 6.2: pH 5 - 6 View Scheme

1.1: triethylamine / 2,2'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'- binaphthyl; palladium dichloride / acetonitrile / 18 h / 100 °C / 15001.5 Torr 2.1: sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 0 - 20 °C 2.2: pH 5 - 6 View Scheme

1.1: sodium hydride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0 - 20 °C 1.2: 2 h / 100 °C 2.1: hydrogenchloride; water / 18 h / Reflux 2.2: 0 °C 3.1: hydrogenchloride; iron / ethanol; water / 40 °C / Reflux 4.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0 - 20 °C 5.1: acetic anhydride; potassium acetate; acetic acid / chloroform / 0.25 h / 20 °C 5.2: 40 - 60 °C 5.3: 0 - 20 °C 6.1: triethylamine / 2,2'-bis-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'- binaphthyl; palladium dichloride / acetonitrile / 18 h / 100 °C / 15001.5 Torr 7.1: sodium hydroxide; water / methanol / 0 - 20 °C 7.2: pH 5 - 6 View Scheme

1: triethylamine; bis-triphenylphosphine-palladium(II) chloride / 100 °C / 7600.51 Torr 2: water; sodium hydroxide / 20 °C View Scheme