1: H2 / Pd-C / ethyl acetate / Ambient temperature 2: tetrahydrofuran / -78 °C 3: 1.) O3, 2.) NaBH4 / 1.) CH2Cl2, -78 deg C 4: Et3N / 0 °C 5: 1N-HCl / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature 6: K2CO3 / methanol 7: NaH / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature 8: camphorsulfonic acid / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C 9: DMSO, (COCl)2, Et3N / CH2Cl2 10: 28 percent / (Ph3P)3RhCl / acetonitrile / 160 °C 11: DDQ / CH2Cl2; H2O 12: DMSO, (COCl)2 / CH2Cl2 13: TsOH / benzene 14: H2 / Pd-C / ethyl acetate 15: CrO3, H2SO4 / acetone 16: 2N-HCl / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature 17: (C6H11)2NMgBr / methanol / -55 °C 18: DDQ / CH2Cl2 / 1.5 h / Ambient temperature; buffer (pH 6.86) View Scheme