sodium hydroxide in DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide) T=150 - 160°C; 3 h; Heating / reflux;

sodium tetrahydroborate in tetrahydrofuran; water T=25°C; 4 h;

potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=25°C; 144 h; Inert atmosphere;

1.1: NaH / dimethylformamide / 1 h / 80 °C 1.2: 75 percent / dimethylformamide / 17 h / 65 °C 2.1: 60 percent / lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine / tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / -20 - 25 °C 3.1: 55 percent / NaBH4 / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 4 h / 25 °C View Scheme

1: 60 percent / lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine / tetrahydrofuran / 16 h / -20 - 25 °C 2: 55 percent / NaBH4 / tetrahydrofuran; H2O / 4 h / 25 °C View Scheme

potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=20°C;

1: With tris-(2-carboxyethyl)-phosphine hydrochloride in acetonitrile T=23°C; 0.00277778 h; aq. buffer; 2: With hydrogenchloride in water; acetonitrile T=80°C; 0.5 h; 3: With sodium hydroxide in water; acetonitrile Kinetics; pH-value;