1.1: copper(l) iodide; lithium chloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.5 h / 25 °C 1.2: 25 °C 2.1: potassium hydroxide; ethanol / 15 - 25 °C 3.1: potassium tert-butylate / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 80 - 85 °C 3.2: 0.5 h / 25 °C View Scheme

1.1: copper(l) iodide; lithium chloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.5 h / 25 °C 1.2: 25 °C 2.1: potassium hydroxide; ethanol / 15 - 25 °C 3.1: potassium tert-butylate / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 80 - 85 °C 3.2: 0.5 h / 25 °C 4.1: trifluoroacetic acid / ethanol / 25 °C / Reflux 4.2: 10 - 15 °C / pH 8 5.1: hydrogen; acetic acid / palladium 10 on activated carbon / 25 °C / 1448.05 - 2172.08 Torr 5.2: 10 °C / pH 7.5 - 8.5 View Scheme

1.1: copper(l) iodide; lithium chloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.5 h / 25 °C 1.2: 25 °C 2.1: potassium hydroxide; ethanol / 15 - 25 °C 3.1: potassium tert-butylate / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 80 - 85 °C 3.2: 0.5 h / 25 °C 4.1: trifluoroacetic acid / ethanol / 25 °C / Reflux 4.2: 10 - 15 °C / pH 8 View Scheme

1.1: copper(l) iodide; lithium chloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 0.5 h / 25 °C 1.2: 25 °C 2.1: potassium hydroxide; ethanol / 15 - 25 °C 3.1: potassium tert-butylate / 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one / 80 - 85 °C 3.2: 0.5 h / 25 °C 4.1: trifluoroacetic acid / ethanol / 25 °C / Reflux 4.2: 10 - 15 °C / pH 8 5.1: hydrogen; acetic acid / palladium 10 on activated carbon / 25 °C / 1448.05 - 2172.08 Torr 5.2: 10 °C / pH 7.5 - 8.5 6.1: hydrogenchloride / isopropyl alcohol; acetone / 5 - 10 °C / pH 1 View Scheme