1: 82 percent / KOH / ethanol; H2O / 3 h / Ambient temperature 2: 80 percent / dioxane / 39 h / Heating 3: 54 percent / KOH / ethanol; H2O / 17 h / Heating 4: 63 percent / cobalt acetate, 25percent aq. NH4OH / H2O / 38 °C / acylase I View Scheme

1: 82 percent / KOH / ethanol; H2O / 3 h / Ambient temperature 2: 80 percent / dioxane / 39 h / Heating 3: 54 percent / KOH / ethanol; H2O / 17 h / Heating 4: 63 percent / cobalt acetate, 25percent aq. NH4OH / H2O / 38 °C / acylase I 5: 1M NaOH / H2O; dioxane View Scheme

Multi-step reaction with 3 steps 1: 82 percent / KOH / ethanol; H2O / 3 h / Ambient temperature2: 80 percent / dioxane / 39 h / Heating3: 54 percent / KOH / ethanol; H2O / 17 h / Heating