ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate in water; acetonitrile T=-10°C;

<b>Multi-step reaction with 3 steps<br /> </b>1: 53 percent / Zn, HgCl₂ / toluene / 8 h / Heating<br />2: 60 percent / O₃ / CH₂Cl₂ / -78 &deg;C<br />3: 65 percent / m-chloroperbenzoic acid / benzene / 2.5 h / Heating<br /> <br /> &nbsp;

<b>Multi-step reaction with 4 steps<br /> </b>1: 1) thionyl chloride / 1) dichloromethane, 3h, reflux, 2) dichloromethane, 3h, roomtemp.<br />2: 58 percent / sodium hydride / CH₂Cl₂; dimethylformamide<br />3: 46 percent / cupric octanoate / benzene / 6 h / Heating<br />4: zinc acetate / toluene / Heating; Dean-Stark condenser; less then 7h<br /> <br /> &nbsp;