1: With potassium carbonate; copper(l) chloride in water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=30°C; 2: With 2-acetyl-1-cyclohexanone in water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=105°C; Inert atmosphere; 3: With citric acid in isopropanol acetate; water pH=4;

1.1: thionyl chloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; isopropanol acetate / 4.58 h / 21 - 72 °C / Inert atmosphere; Industry scale 2.1: water; isopropanol acetate / 1.08 h / 2 - 35 °C / Inert atmosphere; Industry scale 3.1: potassium carbonate / copper(l) chloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; water / 30 °C 3.2: 105 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.3: pH 4 View Scheme

1.1: water; isopropanol acetate / 1.08 h / 2 - 35 °C / Inert atmosphere; Industry scale 2.1: potassium carbonate / copper(l) chloride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; water / 30 °C 2.2: 105 °C / Inert atmosphere 2.3: pH 4 View Scheme

1.1: potassium carbonate / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; water / 30 °C 1.2: 1.08 h / 32 - 40 °C 2.1: dimethyl sulfoxide; isopropanol acetate / 17.5 h / 83 - 84 °C View Scheme

1: 2-(3-fluoro-4-methylcarbamoyl-phenylamino)-2-methyl-propionic acid With potassium carbonate in water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=30°C; 2: methyl iodide in water; N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=32 - 40°C; 1.08333 h;