1.1: potassium hydroxide / methanol / 5 - 25 °C 1.2: 0.5 h 2.1: sodium hydrogencarbonate / ethyl acetate 2.2: 20 °C 2.3: 80 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: dichloro bis(acetonitrile) palladium(II) / acetonitrile / 20 - 80 °C / Inert atmosphere View Scheme

1: With potassium hydroxide in methanol T=5 - 25°C; 2: With water in methanol 0.5 h;

1.1: potassium hydroxide / methanol / 5 - 25 °C 1.2: 0.5 h 2.1: sodium hydrogencarbonate / ethyl acetate 2.2: 20 °C 2.3: 80 °C / Inert atmosphere 3.1: dichloro bis(acetonitrile) palladium(II) / acetonitrile / 20 - 80 °C / Inert atmosphere 4.1: triethylamine / dichloromethane / 0 - 20 °C 5.1: hydrogen / 5 palladium on charcoal / tetrahydrofuran / 96 h / 50 °C / 2250.23 - 3000.3 Torr / autoclave; Inert atmosphere View Scheme