1: 94 percent / 10percent NaOH / ethanol / Ambient temperature 2: 87 percent / acetic acid / 2-ethoxy-ethanol; H2O / 0.08 h / 110 - 120 °C 3: 91 percent / NaOH / H2O; ethanol / 4 h / Heating 4: 94 percent / H2, 1percent aq.PdCl2, Norit / acetic acid / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature 5: 86 percent / POCl3, K2CO3 / acetonitrile / 2.5 h / 55 - 60 °C 6: 1.) TiCl4, 2.) NaBH4 / 1.) CHCl3, a) RT, 2.5 h, b) reflux, 30 min, 2.) MeOH, RT, overnight 7: 91 percent / CHCl3 / 3 h / Heating 8: 89 percent / DDQ / benzene / 2 h / Heating 9: 77 percent / OsO4, pyridine / 2 h / Ambient temperature 10: 70 percent / HIO4*2H2O / H2O; dioxane / 2 h / Ambient temperature 11: 92 percent / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 2 h / Ambient temperature 12: 49 percent / 1.) p-toluenesulfonic acid, 2.) aq. 10percent HCl / xylene / 7.5 h / Heating View Scheme

1: OH(1-) 5: 2.) p-toluenesulfonic acid / 1.) xylene, 2.) reflux View Scheme

1: 94 percent / 10percent NaOH / ethanol / Ambient temperature 2: 87 percent / acetic acid / 2-ethoxy-ethanol; H2O / 0.08 h / 110 - 120 °C 3: 91 percent / NaOH / H2O; ethanol / 4 h / Heating 4: 94 percent / H2, 1percent aq.PdCl2, Norit / acetic acid / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature 5: 86 percent / POCl3, K2CO3 / acetonitrile / 2.5 h / 55 - 60 °C 6: 1.) TiCl4, 2.) NaBH4 / 1.) CHCl3, a) RT, 2.5 h, b) reflux, 30 min, 2.) MeOH, RT, overnight 7: 91 percent / CHCl3 / 3 h / Heating 8: 89 percent / DDQ / benzene / 2 h / Heating 9: 77 percent / OsO4, pyridine / 2 h / Ambient temperature 10: 70 percent / HIO4*2H2O / H2O; dioxane / 2 h / Ambient temperature 11: 92 percent / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 2 h / Ambient temperature 12: 49 percent / 1.) p-toluenesulfonic acid, 2.) aq. 10percent HCl / xylene / 7.5 h / Heating 13: 76 percent / NaBH4 / methanol / 0.5 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 83.5 percent / NaOH / 0.5 h / 70 °C 2: 1.) hydrogen chloride, 2.) Raney nickel / 1.) ethanol, RT, 21 h, 2.) ethanol, reflux, 4 h 3: 1.) ozone, 2.) dimethyl sulfide / 1.) CH2Cl2, -70 deg C, 10 min, 2.) CH2Cl2, RT, 1 h 4: 0.1 N sodium methoxide / ethanol / 0.5 h / 0 °C 5: NaBH4 / ethanol / 0.5 h / Ambient temperature 6: 70.7 percent / potassium carbonate / dimethylformamide / 0.5 h / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 91.9 percent / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 0.5 h 2: 1.) pyridine, osmium tetroxide, 2.) aq. NaHSO4, pyridine / 1.) RT, 1 h, 2.) RT, 1 h 3: 1.) sodium metaperiodate, 2.) 1percent aq. NaHCO3 / 1.) MeOH, H2O, RT, 1 h, 2.) EtOH, reflux, 16 h View Scheme

1: 61 percent / CH3COONH4 / acetic acid / 1.5 h / Heating 2: LiAlH4 / tetrahydrofuran; diethyl ether / 0.83 h / Heating 3: 76 percent / 10percent NaOH / CH2Cl2 / 0.5 h / Ambient temperature 4: 98 percent / 4-dimethylaminopyridine / acetonitrile / 67 h / Ambient temperature 5: 1.) OsO4, pyridine, 2.) sodium hydrogen sulfite / 1.) RT, 3.5 h, 2.) water, RT, 2.5 h 6: 76 percent / NaIO4 / methanol; H2O / 0.08 h / Ambient temperature 7: 100 percent / K2CO3 / dimethylformamide / 2 h / 40 °C 8: 86 percent / TFA / CH2Cl2 / 0.17 h / Ambient temperature 9: H2 / 10percent Pd/C / acetic acid / 760 Torr / Ambient temperature View Scheme