1.1: sodium hydroxide / toluene / 0.42 h / Reflux 2.1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / methanol / 2 h / 20 °C 3.1: oxalyl dichloride; dimethyl sulfoxide / dichloromethane / -78 - -10 °C 3.2: -78 - 20 °C 4.1: sodium hydride / tetrahydrofuran; mineral oil / 0 °C 4.2: -78 °C 5.1: diisobutylaluminium hydride / diethyl ether / 0 °C 6.1: morpholine; palladium(II) chloride bis(benzonitrile) complex; copper(l) chloride / tetrahydrofuran / 0 - 20 °C 7.1: naphthalene; lithium; zinc(II) chloride / tetrahydrofuran; methanol / 50 °C 8.1: oxalyl dichloride; dimethyl sulfoxide / dichloromethane / -78 - -10 °C 8.2: -78 - 20 °C 9.1: potassium tert-butylate / tetrahydrofuran / 0.5 h / 20 °C 9.2: 2 h / 0 °C View Scheme

1.1: sodium hydroxide / toluene / 0.42 h / Reflux 2.1: toluene-4-sulfonic acid / methanol / 2 h / 20 °C 3.1: oxalyl dichloride; dimethyl sulfoxide / dichloromethane / -78 - -10 °C 3.2: -78 - 20 °C 4.1: sodium hydride / tetrahydrofuran; mineral oil / 0 °C 4.2: -78 °C View Scheme