1: 4-chloro-butyric acid ethyl ester With tetrabutylammomium bromide; iodine; zinc in N,N-dimethyl acetamide T=80°C; 12 h; 2: para-chloro-benzonitrile With NiCl2((PPh3)P)2 in N,N-dimethyl acetamide Further stages.;

1: ethyl 4-bromobutanoate With iodine; zinc in N,N-dimethyl acetamide T=80°C; 3 h; 2: para-chloro-benzonitrile With NiCl2((PPh3)P)2 in N,N-dimethyl acetamide T=20°C; 1 h; Further stages.;

pyridine; manganese; iPr2P(C6H5); trifluoroacetic acid; cobalt(II) dibromide in N,N-dimethyl-formamide T=30°C; 15 h;

pyridine; N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-propyleneurea; 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine; NiI2*3.5H2O; sodium iodide; zinc T=20 - 60°C; 19 h; chemoselective reaction;

pyridine; N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-propyleneurea; 1,10-phenanthroline; NiI2*3.5H2O; sodium iodide; zinc T=20 - 60°C; 18 h; chemoselective reaction;