1: tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0) / N,N-dimethyl-formamide / 15 h / 70 °C / Inert atmosphere 2: Reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide; NADPH; Citrobacter sp. N-ethylmaleimide reductase / dimethyl sulfoxide / 22 h / 30 °C / pH 7 / Enzymatic reaction; Aqueous phosphate buffer 3: potassium hydroxide; water / 6 h / 25 °C 4: hydrogen / Raney Nickel / water / 30 °C 5: acetic acid / ethanol / 35 °C / pH 7.5 View Scheme

Pd0(tris(tert-butyl)phosphine)2; water; sodium carbonate in toluene T=50°C; 12 h; Inert atmosphere;