1: 17 percent / H2O, pyridine / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature 2: 90 percent / H2 / Pd(OH)2/C (20percent) / ethanol / 4 h / 70 °C / 760 Torr View Scheme

1: 91 percent / K2CO3 / methanol; H2O / 1 h / Ambient temperature 2: 97 mg / N-methylmorpholine N-oxide, RuCl3*H2O / acetone / 0.75 h / Ambient temperature 3: 90 percent / H2 / Pd(OH)2/C (20percent) / ethanol / 4 h / 70 °C / 760 Torr View Scheme

potassium hydroxide Ambient temperaturepenicillin acylase (EC 3.5.1.11), pH 7.5;

1: 78 percent / NEt3, Pd(OAc)2, tri-o-tolylphosphine / dimethylformamide / 24 h / Heating 2: 65 percent / NaBH4, 9 N HCl / tetrahydrofuran; aq. ethanol / 1.) pH 7, -35 deg C, 1 h, 2.) -20 deg C, overnight 3: 81 percent / 4.5 N HCl / 2.5 h / 100 °C View Scheme

1: 65 percent / NaBH4, 9 N HCl / tetrahydrofuran; aq. ethanol / 1.) pH 7, -35 deg C, 1 h, 2.) -20 deg C, overnight 2: 81 percent / 4.5 N HCl / 2.5 h / 100 °C View Scheme

phenylalanine aminomutase T=31°C; 2 h; Enzyme kinetics;

carbon dioxide; Taxus chinensis phenylalanine aminomutase; ammonia in water pH=10; Enzymatic reaction; Kinetics; optical yield given as percent eeenantioselective reaction;

sodium carbonate in water; acetone

hydrogenchloride T=0 - 5°C;

1: 100 percent / HCl gas / 0 - 5 °C 2: 84 percent / triethylamine, DCC / tetrahydrofuran / Ambient temperature 3: 67 percent / trifluoroacetic acid / CH2Cl2 / 0.67 h / 0 °C 4: 75 percent / DCC / CH2Cl2 / 1.) -20 deg C to 0 deg C, 3 h, 2.) 4 deg C, 36 h 5: ethanethiol, AlBr3 / CH2Cl2 / 24 h / Ambient temperature 6: DCC, DMAP, DMAP-TFA / CHCl3 / 16 h / Heating View Scheme