1: 83 percent / perchloric acid, H2 / 10percent Pd/C / acetic acid / 6 h / 3102.9 Torr 2: 1.) aq. concd. HCl, NaNO2, 2.) CuCl2 / 1.) -5 to 0 deg C, 1 h, 2.) RT, 3 h 3: 92 percent / NH3(gas) / methanol / 168 h / Ambient temperature 4: 90 percent / Et3N, trichloroacetyl chloride / CH2Cl2 / 0 °C View Scheme