1: water / methanol / 5 h / 30 °C 2: 1.) 2 N NaOH, 2.) a) 3 N HCl, b) aq. NH4OH / 1.) reflux, 2 h, 2.) a) dist. water/ethyl acetate, 10 deg C, b) MeOH/ethyl acetate, 45 deg C, 15 min 3: 94.2 percent / toluene / 6 h / 100 °C View Scheme