1.1: potassium chloride; water / dimethyl sulfoxide / 4 h / 170 °C 2.1: water; lithium hydroxide hydrate / 12 h / 60 °C 2.2: 20 °C / pH 2 3.1: ethyl acetate / 20 °C / Reflux 4.1: hydrogenchloride / dichloromethane; water / 1 h 4.2: 2 h / 20 - 25 °C View Scheme

Stage #1: <a href="#" onclick="return RXDsubstances(event, this, '605871', constants.ctx, '0')">cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester</a> <b>With</b>&nbsp; <a href="#" onclick="return RXDsubstances(event, this, '4122952', constants.ctx, '0')">sodium hydride</a>&nbsp;<b>in</b>&nbsp; <a href="#" onclick="return RXDsubstances(event, this, '11317432', constants.ctx, '0')">paraffin oil (nujol)</a> <br />T=10 - 50&deg;C;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inert atmosphere;&nbsp;<br />Stage #2: <a href="#" onclick="return RXDsubstances(event, this, '506455', constants.ctx, '0')">chloroacetic acid ethyl ester</a> &nbsp;<b>in</b>&nbsp; <a href="#" onclick="return RXDsubstances(event, this, '11317432', constants.ctx, '0')">paraffin oil (nujol)</a> <br />T=20&deg;C;&nbsp;&nbsp;Inert atmosphere;&nbsp;&nbsp;Product distribution / selectivity;&nbsp;<br /> <br /> &nbsp;

<b>Multi-step reaction with 2 steps<br /> </b>1.1: piperidine; acetic acid / ethylene glycol dimethyl ether / 20 &deg;C<br />1.2: 2206.72 Torr / Parr autoclave<br />2.1: sodium hydride / N,N-dimethyl-formamide; paraffin oil (nujol) / 10 - 50 &deg;C / Inert atmosphere<br />2.2: 20 &deg;C / Inert atmosphere<br /> <br /> &nbsp;