hydrogenchloride in methanol; water T=70°C; 1 h;

1: 77 percent / HNO3; acetic acid; Ac2O / 1.67 h / 0 - 5 °C 2: 100 percent / HCl / H2O; methanol / 1 h / 70 °C View Scheme

1: 73 percent / p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate; hydrogen peroxide; acetic acid / H2O / 1 h / 75 °C 2: 100 percent / CHCl3 / 2 h / Heating 3: 77 percent / HNO3; acetic acid; Ac2O / 1.67 h / 0 - 5 °C 4: 100 percent / HCl / H2O; methanol / 1 h / 70 °C View Scheme

1: 30percent H2O2, SeO2, t-BuOH / 50 - 60 °C 2: Et3N, MeOH / Ambient temperature 3: pyridine / Ambient temperature 4: 90percent HNO3, Ac2O, Hg(OAc)2 / acetic acid / 0 °C 5: 3N NaOH / methanol / Ambient temperature View Scheme

1: 95 percent / H2 / Pd/C / methanol / 2.5 h / 25 °C 2: 2.) Et3N, DMAP; 3.) MnO2 3: 54 percent / (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 / acetonitrile; H2O / 0 °C 4: 41 percent / tetrahydrofuran / -78 - 25 °C View Scheme

1.1: 95 percent / H2 / Pd/C / methanol / 2.5 h / 20 °C / 800 - 900 Torr 2.1: acetonitrile / 48 h / 20 °C 2.2: Et3N; DMAP / CH2Cl2 / 4 h / 20 °C 2.3: 188 mg / Alox B Super 1; MnO2 / CH2Cl2 / 2 h / 20 °C 3.1: 95 percent / (NH4)2Ce(NO3)6 / acetonitrile; H2O / 2 h / 0 °C 4.1: 30 percent / tetrahydrofuran / 2.5 h / -78 °C View Scheme