1: powdered copper / dimethylformamide / 4 h / 100 - 105 °C 2: 1) SnCl2, HCl / 1) heating, 30 min, 2) benzene, reflux, 1h 3: 79 percent / 10percent HCl / Heating 4: 1) nitrosylsulfuric acid, 80percent formic acid, 2) water / 1) 0-5 deg C, 30 min, 2) a) 50-60 deg C, b) 90-95 deg C, 10 min View Scheme

1: powdered copper / dimethylformamide / 4 h / 100 - 105 °C 2: 1) SnCl2, HCl / 1) heating, 30 min, 2) benzene, reflux, 1h 3: 79 percent / 10percent HCl / Heating 4: 1) nitrosylsulfuric acid, 80percent formic acid, 2) water / 1) 0-5 deg C, 30 min, 2) a) 50-60 deg C, b) 90-95 deg C, 10 min View Scheme

1: 79 percent / 10percent HCl / Heating 2: 1) nitrosylsulfuric acid, 80percent formic acid, 2) water / 1) 0-5 deg C, 30 min, 2) a) 50-60 deg C, b) 90-95 deg C, 10 min View Scheme

formic acid; nitrosyl sulfuric acid; water 1) 0-5 deg C, 30 min, 2) a) 50-60 deg C, b) 90-95 deg C, 10 min; Yield given. Multistep reaction. Yields of byproduct given;