1.1: potassium chloride; water / dimethyl sulfoxide / 4 h / 140 °C 2.1: water; lithium hydroxide hydrate / 12 h / 60 °C 2.2: 20 °C / pH 2 3.1: ethyl acetate / 20 °C / Reflux 4.1: hydrogenchloride / dichloromethane; water / 1 h 4.2: 2 h / 20 - 25 °C View Scheme